Efficient 3-D Electromagnetic Modeling in the Presence of Anisotropic Conductive Media Using Integral Equations

INTRODUCTION The advent of a commercial electromagnetic (EM) multicomponent borehole logging tool with capabilities to measure electric anisotropy, has spearheaded efforts to simulate numerically the tool’s response in complex 3D logging environments (Wang and Fang, 2001; Avdeev et al., 2002; and Newman and Alumbaugh, 2002). Modelling formation electric anisotropy effects is of significance to the accurate petrophysical interpretation of induction logging tool responses and to date remains an open challenge (Moran and Gianzero, 1979; Klein, et. al., 1997; Gianzero, 1999; Kriegshauser et al., 2000).